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Exam code:C300

Working with proportion

What is direct proportion?

  • Direct proportion

    • As one quantity increases/decreases by a certain rate (factor)

    • The other quantity will increase/decrease by the same rate 

  • The ratio of the two quantities is constant

    • E.g. 2 boxes of cereal is 800 g of cornflakes

    • Doubling the number of boxes of cereal (4 boxes) will double the amount of cornflakes (1600 g)

How do I solve direct proportion questions?

  • Read through wordy direct proportion questions carefully

    • Ensure that you understand the context of the question

    • Some questions may tell you the relationship between the two values as a ratio

  • Identify the two quantities involved

    • E.g. Hours worked and pay

  • Find the factor that you will be increasing/decreasing by

    • This may be given to you in the question, e.g. ‘the amount is tripled’

      • The quantity is multiplied by three

    • Alternatively, find the factor by dividing the ‘new’ quantity by the ‘old’ quantity

  • Multiply the other quantity by this factor to find the required quantity

    • E.g. If three times as many hours are worked, the pay will be three times more in total

  • Give your final answer in context

    • Round and give units where appropriate

Examiner Tips and Tricks

  • You may have to round an answer to a whole number, but think carefully about the context of the question!

    • Rounding to the nearest whole number is often appropriate

    • Sometimes you need to round up to the next whole number even if it is not the nearest

      • E.g. If you need 1.3 tins of paint, round the number of tins required up to 2 to ensure that you have enough paint

What is the unitary method?

  • The unitary method means finding one of something (1 unit of something)

    • This can be a useful strategy

  • For example, find the weight of 7 boxes, if 8 boxes weigh 60 kg

    • Find the weight of 1 box (1 unit) using division

      • 60 kg ÷ 8 boxes = 7.5 kg per box

    • Scale this unit up using multiplication

      • 7.5 kg per box × 7 boxes = 52.5 kg

Worked Example

The bonus received by an employee is directly proportional to the profit made by the company they work for.
Bonuses are paid at a rate of $250 per $3000 profit the company makes.

(i) Work out the bonus an employee receives if the company makes a profit of $18 000.

(ii) If the company makes less than $600 profit, no bonus is paid.

Find the lowest bonus an employee could receive.

(i) Identify the two quantities ‘profit’ and ‘bonus’

Find the factor (‘new’ ÷ ‘old’) from the profit

fraction numerator 18 space 000 over denominator 3000 end fraction equals 6

Multiply the bonus by the factor

250 cross times 6 equals 1500

Answer in context with units

An employee should receive a bonus of $1500 

(ii) We are still working with profit and bonus

The lowest bonus will be when the company makes exactly $600 profit

Find the factor using ‘new’ ÷ ‘old’

600 over 3000 equals 1 fifth

Find the amount of bonus by multiplying by the factor

250 cross times 1 fifth equals 50

Answer in context with units

The lowest amount of bonus an employee could receive is $50

What is inverse proportion?

  • Inverse proportion

    • As one quantity increases by a certain rate (factor)

    • The other quantity will decrease by the same rate

  • This relationship applies vice versa too, if one quantity decreases the other increases 

  • E.g. If 2 robots take 15 hours to build a car

    • Tripling the number of robots (6) would mean the time taken to build a car would be divided by 3 (5 hours)

How do I solve inverse proportion questions?

  • Read through wordy inverse proportion questions carefully

    • Ensure that you understand the context of the question

    • Some questions may tell you the relationship between the two values as a ratio

  • Identify the two quantities involved

  • Find the factor that you will be increasing/decreasing by

    • This may be given to you in the question, e.g. ‘the amount is tripled’

    • Alternatively, find this by dividing the ‘new’ quantity by the ‘old’ quantity

  • Divide the other quantity by this factor to find the required quantity

  • Give your final answer in context

    • Round and give units where appropriate

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