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Systematic-Lists Wjec-Eduqas Higher
Exam code:C300
Systematic lists
What are systematic listing strategies?
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Systematic listing strategies are a way of writing out all possible combinations or arrangements of items in an organised way, without missing any
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A strategy can be used to make sure that no options are missed out by choosing one item as the first possible option, then arranging the rest using a similar technique
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For example, to list all the ways arrange the letters A, B and C
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Begin by fixing the letter A and arranging the others
A B C or A C B -
Then fix the letter B and arrange the others
B A C or B C A -
Then fix the letter C and arrange the others
C A B or C B A -
So the six arrangements are ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB and CBA
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This idea can be applied to arrangements of more items and longer lists
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Examiner Tips and Tricks
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Using systematic listing techniques can be particularly helpful in probability.
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Practice finding methods that will ensure you do not miss out any options.
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Worked Example
List all the possible combinations of one filling, one side and one sauce from the sandwich menu below.
|
Filling |
Side |
Sauce |
|
Steak |
Lettuce |
Ketchup |
|
Chicken |
Tomato |
Mayo |
|
Veggie Patty |
Mushroom |
Apple |
Simplify the problem by assigning a letter to each of the items.
|
Filling |
Side |
Sauce |
|
Steak S |
Lettuce L |
Ketchup K |
|
Chicken C |
Tomato T |
Mayo Y (M is taken, use a different letter) |
|
Veggie Patty V |
Mushroom M |
Apple A |
‘Fix’ the letter S and the letter L and arrange the other possibilities.
S L K
S L Y
S L A
‘Fix’ the letter S and the letter T and arrange the other possibilities.
S T K
S T Y
S T A
‘Fix’ the letter S and the letter M and arrange the other possibilities.
S M K
S M Y
S M A
Repeat the process by fixing the letter C in the first position.
|
C L K |
C T K |
C M K |
|
C L Y |
C T Y |
C M Y |
|
C L A |
C T A |
C M A |
Repeat the process again by fixing the letter V in the first position.
|
V L K |
V T K |
V M K |
|
V L Y |
V T Y |
V M Y |
|
V L A |
V T A |
V M A |
So there are 27 different ways of choosing one item from each of the options on the sandwich menu, and they can be listed as follows:
|
S L K, S L Y, S L A |
S T K, S T Y, S T A |
S M K, S M Y, S M A |
|
C L K, C L Y, C L A |
C T K, C T Y, C T A |
C M K, C M Y, C M A |
|
V L K, V L Y, V L A |
V T K, V T Y, V T A |
V M K, V M Y, V M A |
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