WEILAI Online Academic assistant
WEILAI Online Academic assistant
Back to 课程

Environmental Management AS CIE

0% Complete
0/0 Steps
  1. 1-1-continents-and-oceans as
    1 主题
  2. 1-2-country-classification-by-income-level as
    1 主题
  3. 1-3-sustainability as
    1 主题
  4. 1-4-the-water-cycle as
    1 主题
  5. 1-5-the-structure-and-composition-of-the-atmosphere as
    2 主题
  6. 1-6-ecosystems as
    5 主题
  7. 2-1-the-scientific-method as
    2 主题
  8. 2-2-environmental-research-in-the-context-of-climate-change as
    2 主题
  9. 2-3-collection-of-environmental-data as
    1 主题
  10. 2-4-data-collection-techniques-and-data-analysis as
    2 主题
  11. 2-5-the-use-of-technology-in-data-collection-and-analysis as
    1 主题
  12. 3-1-human-population-dynamics-and-structure as
    2 主题
  13. 3-2-impacts-of-human-population-change as
    1 主题
  14. 3-3-managing-human-population-change as
    1 主题
  15. 4-1-ecosystems as
    4 主题
  16. 4-2-managing-the-conservation-of-biodiversity as
    4 主题
  17. 4-3-impacts-of-human-activity-on-ecosystems as
    2 主题
  18. 5-1-food-security as
    2 主题
  19. 5-2-energy-resources as
    3 主题
  20. 5-3-waste-management as
    2 主题
  21. 6-1-global-water-distribution as
    3 主题
  22. 7-1-acid-deposition as
    1 主题
  23. 7-2-photochemical-smog as
    1 主题
  24. 7-3-managing-air-pollution as
    1 主题
  25. 7-4-ozone-depletion as
    2 主题
  26. 8-1-climate-change as
    2 主题
  27. 8-2-the-impacts-of-climate-change as
    1 主题
  28. 8-3-managing-climate-change as
    1 主题
课 Progress
0% Complete

Exam code:8291

Ageing Populations

  • The term ageing population refers to a demographic shift where the proportion of elderly individuals (usually 65 years and older) in a population increases over time

  • This phenomenon is often found in HICs as a result of declining birth rates and improved life expectancy, leading to a larger proportion of older individuals relative to younger ones

  • The global trend of ageing populations in HICs is significant, and has far-reaching implications for societies and economies

Impacts of Ageing Populations on Countries

  • Lower tax revenues:

    • Fewer working-age individuals in the population result in a reduced labour force

    • This leads to a decline in income tax revenues as fewer people are contributing to the tax base

    • Governments face challenges in funding social programs and public services due to diminished tax collections

  • Higher pension spending:

    • With a larger elderly population, there is an increased demand for pension benefits

    • Governments and private pension systems face the challenge of providing sustainable financial support to retirees

    • This puts pressure on public finances and may necessitate adjustments to pension systems

  • Pressure on health care:

    • Ageing populations often experience a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions and increased healthcare needs

    • There is an elevated demand for healthcare services, including long-term care, which can strain existing healthcare systems

    • Governments may need to invest more in healthcare infrastructure and services to meet the needs of an ageing population

  • Pressure to raise retirement age:

    • As life expectancy increases, policymakers may consider raising the retirement age to ensure the financial sustainability of pension systems

    • This can be a contentious issue as it may affect individuals’ ability to retire and can lead to debates about whether this is fair or not

Diagram showing a population pyramid for Japan
Population pyramid for Japan

  • The population pyramids of HICs with ageing populations, such as Japan, start to develop a pentagon shape with a narrowing base

  • This indicates:

    • Decreasing birth rate 

    • Increasing life expectancy

    • Death rate is higher than the birth rate due to the ageing population

    • Low infant mortality

    • Ageing population (older dependent population)

Responses

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注