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Environmental Management AS CIE

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  1. 1-1-continents-and-oceans as
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  2. 1-2-country-classification-by-income-level as
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  3. 1-3-sustainability as
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  4. 1-4-the-water-cycle as
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  5. 1-5-the-structure-and-composition-of-the-atmosphere as
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  6. 1-6-ecosystems as
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  7. 2-1-the-scientific-method as
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  8. 2-2-environmental-research-in-the-context-of-climate-change as
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  9. 2-3-collection-of-environmental-data as
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  10. 2-4-data-collection-techniques-and-data-analysis as
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  11. 2-5-the-use-of-technology-in-data-collection-and-analysis as
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  12. 3-1-human-population-dynamics-and-structure as
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  13. 3-2-impacts-of-human-population-change as
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  14. 3-3-managing-human-population-change as
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  15. 4-1-ecosystems as
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  16. 4-2-managing-the-conservation-of-biodiversity as
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  17. 4-3-impacts-of-human-activity-on-ecosystems as
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  18. 5-1-food-security as
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  19. 5-2-energy-resources as
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  20. 5-3-waste-management as
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  21. 6-1-global-water-distribution as
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  22. 7-1-acid-deposition as
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  23. 7-2-photochemical-smog as
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  24. 7-3-managing-air-pollution as
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  25. 7-4-ozone-depletion as
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  26. 8-1-climate-change as
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  27. 8-2-the-impacts-of-climate-change as
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  28. 8-3-managing-climate-change as
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Exam code:8291

Classifying Countries

  • The World Bank categorises countries based on their development levels, considering economic, social, cultural, and technological aspects

  • The three main categories are:

    • Low-income countries (LICs) have a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of US$1 086 or less (e.g. Mozambique, Bangladesh, Haiti, Afghanistan)

    • Middle-income countries (MICs) have a GNI per capita over US$1 086 but less than US$13 205 (e.g. Mexico, Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia)

    • High-income countries (HICs) have a GNI per capita exceeding US$13 205 (e.g. Sweden, Australia, Canada, Singapore)

  • LICs have weaker economies, leading to instances of extreme poverty, lower education levels, and poorer living standards

    • Some additional examples of LICs include Zambia, Myanmar, Chad, Sierra Leone

  • HICs have much stronger economies, resulting in higher education levels, superior living standards, and low levels of extreme poverty

    • Some additional examples of HICs include Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Qatar

  • Factors influencing a country’s classification include climate, resource availability, frequency of natural disasters, and social aspects, such as political stability, cultural diversity and social equality

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