课 4, 主题 3

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instruction-groups

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Categories of instructions

What are the categories of instructions?

Assembly language instructions can be grouped into:
- Data movement
- Input and output of data
- Arithmetic operations
- Unconditional and conditional instructions
- Compare instructions
For each category, a table containing the instruction (Opcode and Operand), and an explanation is given

Category	Opcode	Operand	Explanation
Data Movement	`LOAD`	`A`	Loads the value stored at memory location `A` into the accumulator.
	`STORE`	`B`	Stores the value from the accumulator into memory location `B`.
	`MOV`	`A, B`	Copies the value from register/memory `A` to register/memory `B`.
	`CLEAR`	`ACC`	Clears the accumulator (sets it to 0).
	`DATA`	`5`	Declares a constant or data value (e.g. `DATA 5` stores the value 5).
Input and Output of Data	`IN`		Takes input from a user or input device and stores it in the accumulator.
	`OUT`		Outputs the value in the accumulator to a screen or output device.
Arithmetic Operations	`ADD`	`A`	Adds the value at memory location `A` to the accumulator.
	`SUB`	`B`	Subtracts the value at memory location `B` from the accumulator.
	`INC`		Increments the accumulator by 1.
	`DEC`		Decrements the accumulator by 1.
Unconditional and Conditional	`JMP`	`LABEL`	Unconditionally jumps to the instruction at `LABEL`.
	`JZ`	`LABEL`	Jumps to `LABEL` if the accumulator is zero.
	`JNZ`	`LABEL`	Jumps to `LABEL` if the accumulator is not zero.
	`JC`	`LABEL`	Jumps to `LABEL` if the carry flag is set.
	`HLT`		Stops the program (halts execution).
Compare Instructions	`CMP`	`A`	Compares the accumulator with the value at memory location `A`.
	`TEST`	`A`	Performs a logical AND between accumulator and `A`; sets flags, no output.

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