Client Server And Peer To Peer Networks Ocr

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Exam code:J277

Client Server Model

What is a network model?

A network model is the logical structure of the network
It defines how the network will operate on top of the physical network structure (Star or Mesh)

What is a Client-Server model?

A client is a computer on the network, these connect to the server via a switch
A server is a computer on a network which often has a single purpose, for example
- Managing access to the Internet
- Managing printing
- Providing email services
- Providing backups
- Controlling security
Servers are often more powerful than the client machines
Servers are seen as more significant than the client machines and can require specialist hardware and software
A network which uses a server is called a client-server model
Most companies, organisations and schools will use a client-server network model

Advantages	Disadvantages
Managing backups of the network is easier as it is done from one central point	Servers can be expensive to purchase, setup and maintain
Updating and installing new software can be done centrally instead of having to log on to each machine	A specialist network manager would be required as servers require specialist IT knowledge
Security of files can be managed easily	Servers can be a single point of failure, meaning all users would lose access to the network if the server fails

Examiner Tips and Tricks

It makes it easier in exams to relate to things you know. If you are asked about a client-server network, just think about how your school computers work and the advantages and disadvantages that come with that.

Peer to Peer Model

What is a Peer-to-Peer model?

A peer is a computer on a network which is equal to all other computers
Each peer on the network
- Often have their own printer attached
- Will provide access to their own files
- Is responsible for their own backups
- Is responsible for their own security
- Is responsible for carrying out their own backups
A network with no server providing services is a peer-to-peer network
Most homes will have a peer-to-peer network model

Advantages	Disadvantages
Very easy to set up and maintain	Users will need to manage their own backups
Very cheap to set up because there is no expensive hardware to purchase	Users will need to manage their own software updates
No specialist knowledge or staff are required to run the network	The network can be less secure

Examiner Tips and Tricks

If you are asked about a peer-to-peer network, just think about how your home network is set up and how each computer is responsible for itself, there is no one computer in charge of all of the others.

Worked Example

Lucy has a network in her house. The main devices are shown in the diagram.

1) State whether Lucy’s network is a LAN or a WAN. Justify your choice. [3]

How to answer this:
To answer this, you must give a choice which will be worth 1 mark, then give your justification which will be worth an additional 2 marks.

2) Explain why Lucy’s network uses a peer-to-peer model and not a client-server model.

Answer

1) LAN [1]

1 mark per bullet for justification [2]

Small geographic area
They will own the hardware // dedicated hardware // do not need to use outside hardware

2) 1 mark per bullet to a maximum of 3

No server (required for client-server)
Computers are directly connected
Computers are independent/equal
Computers will have software installed/updated individually
no central installation/updates
Computers will need own security // no central security
Computers will have their own files // no central file storage
Less initial cost/maintenance
Easier to add new devices
Lesser need for file sharing
If any device fails/is removed the remainder can continue

Computer Science GCES OCR

Client Server And Peer To Peer Networks Ocr

Client Server Model

What is a network model?

What is a Client-Server model?

Examiner Tips and Tricks

Peer to Peer Model

What is a Peer-to-Peer model?

Examiner Tips and Tricks

Worked Example

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