Embedded Systems Edexcel

Embedded Systems

What is an embedded system?

• An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function, inside a larger mechanical unit

• Its purpose is to control a device and allow a user to interact with it

• Some embedded systems are microcontrollers meaning they are part of an integrated circuit with built in memory

• Embedded systems often have firmware which is software built into the system which cannot be reprogrammed by the user.

• Software may be able to be updated e.g. GPS software in a car navigation system

• Embedded systems usually have some form of analogue or digital input

• Automatic windscreen wipers on a car is an example of an embedded system:

  • Rain sensors detect rain

  • A signal is sent to the microcontroller

  • The microcontroller sends a signal to the wiper motor (type of actuator)

  • The wiper motor adjusts power to the motor, controlling wiper speed

• Examples of other embedded systems include

  • Heating thermostats

  • Hospital equipment

  • Washing machines

  • Dishwashers

  • Coffee machines

  • Satellite navigation systems

  • Factory Equipment

  • Traffic lights

What are the properties of an embedded system?

• They generally use less power than a general-purpose computer, this is a major consideration for the design of an embedded system

• They are generally small in size

• They generally have a lower cost

• They can operate in real time and respond to inputs very quickly

What is the Internet of Things?

• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices with the ability to transfer data without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction

• The IoT is made up of a vast network of embedded devices

• Devices could include:

  • Consumer electronics

  • Building sensors

  • Wearable devices (fitness trackers etc.)

  • Industrial machinery

• The advantages of the IoT include:

  • Increased efficiency – automating tasks and processes

  • New opportunities – evolving to create new opportunities for business & individuals

  • Convenience – Simply daily lives by automating tasks in the home or workplace

  • Decision making – data collected can drive decision making by providing valuable insights

• The disadvantages of the IoT include:

  • Security – networked devices provide more opportunities for hackers, how secure are the devices?

  • Privacy – Who has access to the data collected/exchanged using these devices? What actual data is collected? Where is it used?