Computer Science AS OCR
-
1-1-structure-and-function-of-the-processor as5 主题
-
1-2-types-of-processor as3 主题
-
1-3-input-output-and-storage as2 主题
-
2-1-systems-software as8 主题
-
2-3-software-development as5 主题
-
2-4-types-of-programming-language as4 主题
-
3-1-compression-encryption-and-hashing as3 主题
-
3-2-databases as3 主题
-
3-3-networks as8 主题
-
3-4-web-technologies as13 主题
-
html as
-
css as
-
css-styling as
-
javascript as
-
variables-and-constants-in-javascript as
-
outputs-in-javascript as
-
selection-in-javascript- as
-
for-loops-in-javascript- as
-
while-loops-in-javascript- as
-
strings-in-javascript- as
-
operators-in-javascript- as
-
nested-statements-in-javascript as
-
functions-and-procedures-in-javascript as
-
html as
-
4-1-data-types as8 主题
-
4-2-data-structures as4 主题
-
4-3-boolean-algebra as1 主题
-
5-1-computing-related-legislation as4 主题
-
5-2-moral-and-ethical-issues as9 主题
-
6-1-thinking-abstractly as3 主题
-
6-2-thinking-ahead as1 主题
-
6-3-thinking-procedurally as3 主题
-
6-4-thinking-logically as2 主题
-
6-5-thinking-concurrently as2 主题
-
7-1-programming-techniques as9 主题
-
8-1-standard-algorithms-and-big-o-notation as8 主题
types-of-operating-system as
Exam code:H046
Types of Operating System
What is an OS?
-
An operating system (OS) is a fundamental software that manages the computer hardware, provides common services for computer programs, and acts as an interface between users and the machine
-
There are several different types of operating systems, each with unique characteristics and purposes
-
Understanding these types is essential for both developing and using computer systems
What are the different types of operating systems?
|
Type |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Distributed Operating Systems |
Run on multiple machines appearing as a single unit, used for efficient task distribution and load balancing |
|
Embedded Operating Systems |
Designed for specific tasks, is the system running inside a device that is not primarily a computer system, e.g. microwave, dishwasher, washing machine |
|
Multi-tasking Operating Systems |
Allows multiple tasks to run concurrently on a single processor, manages system resources and allocates CPU time to different processes |
|
Multi-user Operating Systems |
Supports multiple users accessing computer resources concurrently, efficiently manages resource allocation, and provides features for data security and user privacy |
|
Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) |
Designed for immediate data processing, and can ensure tasks are processed in specific timeframes, highly efficient |
Examples
|
Type |
Example |
|---|---|
|
Distributed Operating Systems |
Hadoop is an open-source OS designed to process big data using multiple nodes in a distributed network. |
|
Embedded Operating Systems |
IoT devices and many household devices contain embedded OS. These devices don’t typically run a well-known OS. They run a proprietary OS that has a simple set of functions. |
|
Multi-Tasking Operating Systems |
Windows, MacOS, and Linux are multi-tasking OS that can run multiple applications simultaneously. |
|
Multi-User Operating Systems |
Windows, MacOS, and Linux are multi-user OSs where multiple users can log in and run independent processes. |
|
Real-Time Operating Systems |
Real-time OS are used in industries like aerospace and automotive where low latency is critical to safety. |
Worked Example
A taxi firm is investigating replacing its drivers with self-driving cars.
Explain why the self-driving system will use a real-time operating system.
[3]
How to answer this question:
-
Be able to state the purpose of an operating system and recall the advantages of a real-time operating system
-
Link the advantage to the scenario in the question
Answer:
Example answer that gets full marks:
A self-driving car system must process data in real-time from input sensors such as radar cameras. Data needs to be processed instantly so that the vehicle can operate safely. A vehicle that cannot process data quickly will be an unreliable danger to people. Faster processing of input data will lead to safer operation of the vehicle. A real-time system will replicate hazard perception, navigation, and vehicle control that humans can instinctively do.
Acceptable answers you could have given instead:
An operating system needs to process tasks quickly. A real-time operating system needs to process them instantly. A real-time operating system should be used in a self-driving car so that it can react to hazards quickly.
Worked Example
A company releases an in-home virtual assistant called ‘Bertie Butler’. When placed in a room, the device listens out for the phrase “Hey Bertie”. When someone says that phrase, it listens to the following question and tries to give a relevant answer.
The Bertie Butler device runs off an embedded operating system.
Define the term ‘embedded operating system’.
[2]
How to answer this question:
-
Recall the features of an embedded system
-
Use the scenario to include examples in your answer
Answer:
Example answer that gets full marks:
Embedded systems are those running inside everyday items that are not primarily computers. Embedded systems usually have a simple set of features that they perform efficiently. Some other embedded systems, such as microwaves, have much simpler features and functions.
Acceptable answers you could have given instead:
An embedded system runs in most household devices that require some processing e.g. microwaves, dishwashers, electric toothbrushes
Responses