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Computer Science AS CIE

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Exam code:9618

Vector graphics

What is a vector graphic?

  • A vector graphic is created from mathematical equations and points

  • Only the mathematics used to create the image are stored

  • For example, to create a circle the data stored would be:

    • Centre point (x, y coordinates)

    • Radius

  • Typical examples of vector images are logos and clipart

image-2---vector-image

  • Vector images are infinitely scalable

  • Ideal for situations where the same image will be made bigger and smaller and a loss of quality is unacceptable

    • For example, the same logo used on both a pencil and a billboard

  • A vector graphic contains a drawing list (included in the file header)

  • A typical drawing list will contain:

    • Commands used to create each object in the image

    • Attributes that define the properties of each object

    • Relative position of each object

  • Dimensions of the image are not defined, meaning scaling up does not result in a loss of quality

Bitmap vs vector

Feature

Bitmap Images

Vector Images

Made from

Pixels (tiny coloured squares)

Shapes and lines using maths (vectors)

File size

Larger (depends on resolution)

Smaller (uses formulas, not pixels)

Scalability

Loses quality when resized (pixelates)

Can be resized without losing quality

Best for

Photographs, detailed images

Logos, icons, text graphics

Editable with

Paint software (e.g. Photoshop, GIMP)

Drawing software (e.g. Illustrator, Inkscape)

Common file types

.jpg, .png, .bmp, .gif

.svg, .ai, .eps

  • When choosing to use a bitmap or vector based image, the following should be considered:

    • Does the image need to be resized?

    • Does the image need to be drawn to scale?

    • Does the image need to look real?

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