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Computer Science AS CIE

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Exam code:9618

Components of the CPU

What is the CPU?

  • The CPU is responsible for processing all data within the computer

  • It is made up of a number of components including:

    • Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

    • Control Unit (CU)

    • System clock

    • Immediate Access Store (IAS)

    • Buses

Diagram showing a computer's architecture with CPU, ALU, control unit, main memory, data, address, and control buses labelled for data processing.

Component

Full name

Purpose / function

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Performs calculations (e.g. add, subtract) and logic operations (e.g. AND, OR)

CU

Control Unit

Manages and controls the execution of instructions and directs data flow

System Clock

–

Sends out regular pulses to synchronise all CPU operations

IAS

Immediate Access Store

Main memory where instructions and data needed by the CPU are temporarily stored

Buses 

  • Components within the CPU and wider computer system are connected by buses

  • A bus is a set of parallel wires through which data/signals are transmitted from one component to another

  • There are 3 types of bus:

    • Address – unidirectional, carries location data (addresses), data is written to/read from

    • Data – bidirectional, carries data or instructions

    • Control – bidirectional, carries commands and control signals to tell components when they should be receiving reads or writes etc..

3-1-computer-architecture--von-neumann-architecture-1

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