Computer-Science-A-level-Ocr
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3-3-networks8 主题
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3-2-databases7 主题
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3-1-compression-encryption-and-hashing4 主题
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2-5-object-oriented-languages7 主题
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2-4-types-of-programming-language4 主题
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2-3-software-development5 主题
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2-2-applications-generation6 主题
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2-1-systems-software8 主题
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1-3-input-output-and-storage2 主题
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1-2-types-of-processor3 主题
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1-1-structure-and-function-of-the-processor1 主题
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structuring-your-responses3 主题
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the-exam-papers2 主题
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8-2-algorithms-for-the-main-data-structures4 主题
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8-1-algorithms10 主题
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7-2-computational-methods11 主题
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7-1-programming-techniques14 主题
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capturing-selecting-managing-and-exchanging-data
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entity-relationship-diagrams
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data-normalisation
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relational-databases
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hashing
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symmetric-vs-asymmetric-encryption
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run-length-encoding-and-dictionary-coding
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lossy-and-lossless-compression
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polymorphism-oop
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encapsulation-oop
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inheritance-oop
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attributes-oop
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methods-oop
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objects-oop
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capturing-selecting-managing-and-exchanging-data
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6-5-thinking-concurrently2 主题
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6-4-thinking-logically2 主题
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6-3-thinking-procedurally3 主题
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6-2-thinking-ahead1 主题
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6-1-thinking-abstractly3 主题
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5-2-moral-and-ethical-issues9 主题
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5-1-computing-related-legislation4 主题
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4-3-boolean-algebra5 主题
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4-2-data-structures10 主题
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4-1-data-types9 主题
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3-4-web-technologies16 主题
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environmental-effects
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automated-decision-making
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computers-in-the-workforce
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layout-colour-paradigms-and-character-sets
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piracy-and-offensive-communications
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analysing-personal-information
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monitoring-behaviour
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censorship-and-the-internet
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artificial-intelligence
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the-regulation-of-investigatory-powers-act-2000
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the-copyright-design-and-patents-act-1988
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the-computer-misuse-act-1990
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the-data-protection-act-1998
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adder-circuits
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flip-flop-circuits
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simplifying-boolean-algebra
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environmental-effects
types-of-operating-system
Types of Operating System
What is an OS?
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An operating system (OS) is a fundamental software that manages the computer hardware, provides common services for computer programs, and acts as an interface between users and the machine
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There are several different types of operating systems, each with unique characteristics and purposes
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Understanding these types is essential for both developing and using computer systems
What are the different types of operating systems?
|
Type |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Distributed Operating Systems |
Run on multiple machines appearing as a single unit, used for efficient task distribution and load balancing |
|
Embedded Operating Systems |
Designed for specific tasks, is the system running inside a device that is not primarily a computer system, e.g. microwave, dishwasher, washing machine |
|
Multi-tasking Operating Systems |
Allows multiple tasks to run concurrently on a single processor, manages system resources and allocates CPU time to different processes |
|
Multi-user Operating Systems |
Supports multiple users accessing computer resources concurrently, efficiently manages resource allocation, and provides features for data security and user privacy |
|
Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) |
Designed for immediate data processing, and can ensure tasks are processed in specific timeframes, highly efficient |
Examples
|
Type |
Example |
|---|---|
|
Distributed Operating Systems |
Hadoop is an open-source OS designed to process big data using multiple nodes in a distributed network. |
|
Embedded Operating Systems |
IoT devices and many household devices contain embedded OS. These devices don’t typically run a well-known OS. They run a proprietary OS that has a simple set of functions. |
|
Multi-Tasking Operating Systems |
Windows, MacOS, and Linux are multi-tasking OS that can run multiple applications simultaneously. |
|
Multi-User Operating Systems |
Windows, MacOS, and Linux are multi-user OSs where multiple users can log in and run independent processes. |
|
Real-Time Operating Systems |
Real-time OS are used in industries like aerospace and automotive where low latency is critical to safety. |
Worked Example
A taxi firm is investigating replacing its drivers with self-driving cars.
Explain why the self-driving system will use a real-time operating system.
[3]
How to answer this question:
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Be able to state the purpose of an operating system and recall the advantages of a real-time operating system
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Link the advantage to the scenario in the question
Answer:
Example answer that gets full marks:
A self-driving car system must process data in real-time from input sensors such as radar cameras. Data needs to be processed instantly so that the vehicle can operate safely. A vehicle that cannot process data quickly will be an unreliable danger to people. Faster processing of input data will lead to safer operation of the vehicle. A real-time system will replicate hazard perception, navigation, and vehicle control that humans can instinctively do.
Acceptable answers you could have given instead:
An operating system needs to process tasks quickly. A real-time operating system needs to process them instantly. A real-time operating system should be used in a self-driving car so that it can react to hazards quickly.
Worked Example
A company releases an in-home virtual assistant called ‘Bertie Butler’. When placed in a room, the device listens out for the phrase “Hey Bertie”. When someone says that phrase, it listens to the following question and tries to give a relevant answer.
The Bertie Butler device runs off an embedded operating system.
Define the term ‘embedded operating system’.
[2]
How to answer this question:
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Recall the features of an embedded system
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Use the scenario to include examples in your answer
Answer:
Example answer that gets full marks:
Embedded systems are those running inside everyday items that are not primarily computers. Embedded systems usually have a simple set of features that they perform efficiently. Some other embedded systems, such as microwaves, have much simpler features and functions.
Acceptable answers you could have given instead:
An embedded system runs in most household devices that require some processing e.g. microwaves, dishwashers, electric toothbrushes
Responses