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  1. 1-1-the-nature-and-purpose-of-business
    3 主题
  2. 1-2-forms-of-business
    5 主题
  3. 1-3-the-external-environment
    5 主题
  4. 2-1-management-and-leadership
    3 主题
  5. 2-2-management-decision-making
    4 主题
  6. 2-3-the-role-and-importance-of-stakeholders
    3 主题
  7. 3-1-marketing-objectives
    1 主题
  8. 3-2-understanding-markets-and-customers
    5 主题
  9. 3-3-making-marketing-decisions
    2 主题
  10. 3-4-the-marketing-mix
    7 主题
  11. 4-1-operational-objectives
    2 主题
  12. 4-2-operational-performance
    1 主题
  13. 4-3-efficiency-and-productivity
    3 主题
  14. 4-4-quality
    1 主题
  15. 4-5-inventory-and-supply-chain-management
    3 主题
  16. 5-1-financial-objectives
    2 主题
  17. 5-2-financial-performance
    6 主题
  18. 5-3-sources-of-finance
    3 主题
  19. 5-4-cash-flow-and-profit
    1 主题
  20. 6-1-human-resource-objectives
    1 主题
  21. 6-2-human-resource-performance
    1 主题
  22. 6-3-organisational-design
    3 主题
  23. 6-4-human-resource-planning
    4 主题
  24. 6-5-motivation
    4 主题
  25. 6-6-improving-employer-employee-relations
    2 主题
  26. 7-1-mission-objectives-and-strategy
    4 主题
  27. 7-2-assessing-the-internal-position-of-a-business
    10 主题
  28. 7-3-changes-in-the-external-environment
    7 主题
  29. 7-4-the-competitive-environment
    1 主题
  30. 7-5-investment-appraisal
    2 主题
  31. 8-1-strategic-direction
    1 主题
  32. 8-2-strategic-positioning
    2 主题
  33. 9-1-changes-in-scale
    4 主题
  34. 9-2-innovation
    2 主题
  35. 9-3-globalisation-and-internationalisation
    4 主题
  36. 9-4-digital-technology
    1 主题
  37. 10-1-managing-change
    3 主题
  38. 10-2-organisational-culture
    2 主题
  39. 10-3-implementing-strategy
    2 主题
  40. 10-4-strategic-failure
    2 主题
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The role of a manager

  • A manager is an individual responsible for overseeing the day-to-day organisation of a team or a specific function

  • Managers exist at various levels within a business organisation

  • Large businesses usually have several layers of management with distinct responsibilities

    • Directors and executives establish the business’s overall goals and set its long-term targets

      • They are ultimately responsible for business performance

    • Senior managers work to achieve the targets set by the owners or directors

      • They are often responsible for a function within the business, e.g. marketing or finance

    • Supervisors and team leaders support senior managers to achieve their targets

      • They report problems and pass on instructions

      • They may make simple decisions, such as allocating jobs among different employees

  • Managers perform four important functions within a business

Managerial functions

Planning

Organising

  • Senior managers set overall business aims and corporate objectives, which then determine functional objectives

  • They decide on strategies to be pursued and determine timescales

  • Managers ensure resources such as equipment, workers, supervision and logistics are in place

Directing

Controlling

  • Managers lead and motivate others, communicate clear expectations and focus human resources on tasks

  • Managers track progress and make appropriate changes to ensure objectives are met

  • They implement contingency plans or engage in crisis management when required

The importance of a leader

  • Leadership is about having a vision, sharing that vision with others and providing direction

Leadership vs management

A Venn diagram comparing leadership and management. Leadership focuses on goals, risks and trust, while management focuses on tasks, control and rules. Shared traits: goals and vision.
The different characteristics of leaders and managers

Key differences between leadership and management

  1. Vision vs execution

    • Leadership focuses on creating a vision, setting direction and inspiring others to follow

    • Management focuses on executing plans, organising resources and ensuring tasks are completed on time

  2. Influence vs control

    • Leadership focuses on influencing others to achieve a common goal by inspiring and motivating

    • Management focuses on controlling resources and processes to ensure that objectives are met

  3. People vs processes

    • Leadership focuses on people, their needs and their motivation

    • Management focuses on processes, structures and systems

  4. Long-term vs short-term

    • Leadership focuses on the long-term vision and strategy

    • Management focuses on short-term goals and targets

  5. Creativity vs efficiency

    • Leadership encourages creativity and innovation

    • Management focuses more on efficiency and productivity