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  1. 1-1-the-nature-and-purpose-of-business
    3 主题
  2. 1-2-forms-of-business
    5 主题
  3. 1-3-the-external-environment
    5 主题
  4. 2-1-management-and-leadership
    3 主题
  5. 2-2-management-decision-making
    4 主题
  6. 2-3-the-role-and-importance-of-stakeholders
    3 主题
  7. 3-1-marketing-objectives
    1 主题
  8. 3-2-understanding-markets-and-customers
    5 主题
  9. 3-3-making-marketing-decisions
    2 主题
  10. 3-4-the-marketing-mix
    7 主题
  11. 4-1-operational-objectives
    2 主题
  12. 4-2-operational-performance
    1 主题
  13. 4-3-efficiency-and-productivity
    3 主题
  14. 4-4-quality
    1 主题
  15. 4-5-inventory-and-supply-chain-management
    3 主题
  16. 5-1-financial-objectives
    2 主题
  17. 5-2-financial-performance
    6 主题
  18. 5-3-sources-of-finance
    3 主题
  19. 5-4-cash-flow-and-profit
    1 主题
  20. 6-1-human-resource-objectives
    1 主题
  21. 6-2-human-resource-performance
    1 主题
  22. 6-3-organisational-design
    3 主题
  23. 6-4-human-resource-planning
    4 主题
  24. 6-5-motivation
    4 主题
  25. 6-6-improving-employer-employee-relations
    2 主题
  26. 7-1-mission-objectives-and-strategy
    4 主题
  27. 7-2-assessing-the-internal-position-of-a-business
    10 主题
  28. 7-3-changes-in-the-external-environment
    7 主题
  29. 7-4-the-competitive-environment
    1 主题
  30. 7-5-investment-appraisal
    2 主题
  31. 8-1-strategic-direction
    1 主题
  32. 8-2-strategic-positioning
    2 主题
  33. 9-1-changes-in-scale
    4 主题
  34. 9-2-innovation
    2 主题
  35. 9-3-globalisation-and-internationalisation
    4 主题
  36. 9-4-digital-technology
    1 主题
  37. 10-1-managing-change
    3 主题
  38. 10-2-organisational-culture
    2 主题
  39. 10-3-implementing-strategy
    2 主题
  40. 10-4-strategic-failure
    2 主题
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Public services

  • The public sector is made up of organisations run or owned by the government or local authorities

    • In the UK, more than 6m people are employed in the public sector, delivering a range of services such as healthcare, education, policing and social services

The public sector includes emergency services, transportation, health and education organisations
Hospitals, schools and emergency services are often partly or fully provided by the public sector

  • Governments are likely to retain ownership of organisations in the public sector for several reasons

    • They are strategically important to the country 

      • E.g. defence or justice systems

    • They provide essential services

      • E.g. water or electricity supply

    • They provide merit goods that may not be provided in sufficient quantities by private businesses

      • E.g. education or health services

  • Public services are usually funded through taxation, though in some cases, a small fee is charged

Examples of public services

Public service

Explanation

How it is funded

Health

  • Hospitals, GP surgeries, dental services and occupational and mental health services

  • Mainly general taxation

  • Prescriptions and dental charges contribute a small share

Education

  • Local-authority schools, academy trusts and further education colleges

  • Grants from the Department for Education

Justice and policing

  • Courts and tribunals, police, prisons and probation services

  • Home Office or Ministry of Justice budgets

  • Some court fees are collected

Household and business waste

  • Recycling sites and facilities, household waste collection and town centre cleaning

  • Local council taxes

  • One-off charges for the removal of large items

  • Fines issued, e.g. for fly tipping

Public corporations

  • Public corporations are organisations that the government owns, but they trade like businesses, earning most of their money by selling goods or services

    • Public corporations allow the government to keep control of services that have a clear public interest but are best run in a commercial way

Example

Explanation

BBC

  • Runs BBC One, Radio 1, BBC iPlayer and more, providing impartial TV, radio and online content across the UK and worldwide

Network Rail

  • Owns, builds and maintains Britain’s rail tracks, signals and many large stations, making sure passenger and freight trains can run safely each day

Ordnance Survey

  • Acts as Great Britain’s national mapping agency, creating highly detailed digital maps and location data used by government, businesses and the public

  • Over time, many public corporations have been privatised

    • E.g. in 2008, the UK government nationalised Northern Rock, a bank that was on the verge of collapse, as a result of the global financial crisis

  • Some privatised businesses are highly successful businesses operating in competitive markets

    • Both British Airways and BT were privatised in the 1980s and are highly regarded, profitable businesses

  • In other cases, privatisation has been less successful

    • UK water companies such as Southern Water continue to operate as monopolies

    • In recent years, some privatised water companies have been criticised for charging high prices and causing environmental damage