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Business AS AQA

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  1. 1-1-the-nature-and-purpose-of-business as
    3 主题
  2. 1-2-forms-of-business as
    5 主题
  3. 1-3-the-external-environment as
    5 主题
  4. 2-1-management-and-leadership as
    3 主题
  5. 2-2-management-decision-making as
    4 主题
  6. 2-3-the-role-and-importance-of-stakeholders as
    3 主题
  7. 3-1-marketing-objectives as
    1 主题
  8. 3-2-understanding-markets-and-customers as
    5 主题
  9. 3-3-making-marketing-decisions as
    2 主题
  10. 3-4-the-marketing-mix as
    7 主题
  11. 4-1-operational-objectives as
    2 主题
  12. 4-2-operational-performance as
    1 主题
  13. 4-3-efficiency-and-productivity as
    3 主题
  14. 4-4-quality as
    1 主题
  15. 4-5-inventory-and-supply-chain-management as
    3 主题
  16. 5-1-financial-objectives as
    2 主题
  17. 5-2-financial-performance as
    6 主题
  18. 5-3-sources-of-finance as
    3 主题
  19. 5-4-cash-flow-and-profit as
    1 主题
  20. 6-1-human-resource-objectives as
    1 主题
  21. 6-2-human-resource-performance as
    1 主题
  22. 6-3-organisational-design as
    3 主题
  23. 6-4-human-resource-planning as
    4 主题
  24. 6-5-motivation as
    1 主题
  25. 6-6-improving-employer-employee-relations as
    2 主题
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Exam code:7131

Internal influences on decision-making

  • Most business decisions aren’t made in a vacuum

  • They’re pushed and pulled by a range of internal influences, including what the firm stands for, aims for, believes in and can afford

Key internal influences

Influence

Explanation

Example

Mission

  • A mission states the organisation’s guiding purpose; decisions must support it

  • The John Lewis Partnership commits to “Working in Partnership for a Happier World”, so managers involve staff in key decisions, such as store refurbishments

Objectives

  • Day‑to‑day decisions aim to hit agreed targets on sales, profit, market share, etc.

  • Tesco’s 2024/25 goal of 4 % sales growth in the UK informed the decision to extend its Clubcard Prices promotion and Aldi Price Match deals

Ethics

  • Ethical principles, such as FairTrade, sustainability and social justice, can rule options in or out, affecting decision-making

  • Lush does not use single‑use plastic, so it invests in “naked” shampoo bars and deposit‑return pots, even when cheaper packaging exists

Resource constraints

  • Decisions must fit the money, time, skills and capacity available

  • Electric vehicle manufacturer Arrival put its electric bus project on hold in 2022 because cash and engineering resources were tight, choosing to focus its funds on its delivery van launch instead

External influences on decision-making

  • Decision-making can also be affected by a changing external environment

  • In particular, competition, the economy, societal change and technology can have a significant impact on business choices

Key external influences

Influence

Explanation

Example

Competition

  • Actions taken by rivals can force a business to take defensive or matching actions

  • As Lidl’s reputation as the UK’s cheapest supermarket has grown, rivals such as Tesco and Sainsbury’s have extended their price‑match tactics

Economic conditions

  • Interest rates, inflation and GDP growth affect costs and demand

  • In 2024, the Bank of England reported that many UK firms cut investment plans or delayed projects as a result of rising interest rates

Social change

  • Shifts in customers’ tastes and values or demographic change can impact demand

  • Growing vegan and flexitarian diets led McDonald’s UK to launch the McPlant burger nationwide after a successful trial

Technological change

  • New technology creates opportunities and leads to some products or roles becoming obsolete

  • Self‑service machines in UK supermarkets have reduced the number of traditional cashier roles

  • Many workers have been moved to theft prevention or shelf‑stocking duties instead

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