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Business AS AQA

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  1. 1-1-the-nature-and-purpose-of-business as
    3 主题
  2. 1-2-forms-of-business as
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  3. 1-3-the-external-environment as
    5 主题
  4. 2-1-management-and-leadership as
    3 主题
  5. 2-2-management-decision-making as
    4 主题
  6. 2-3-the-role-and-importance-of-stakeholders as
    3 主题
  7. 3-1-marketing-objectives as
    1 主题
  8. 3-2-understanding-markets-and-customers as
    5 主题
  9. 3-3-making-marketing-decisions as
    2 主题
  10. 3-4-the-marketing-mix as
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  11. 4-1-operational-objectives as
    2 主题
  12. 4-2-operational-performance as
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  13. 4-3-efficiency-and-productivity as
    3 主题
  14. 4-4-quality as
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  15. 4-5-inventory-and-supply-chain-management as
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  16. 5-1-financial-objectives as
    2 主题
  17. 5-2-financial-performance as
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  18. 5-3-sources-of-finance as
    3 主题
  19. 5-4-cash-flow-and-profit as
    1 主题
  20. 6-1-human-resource-objectives as
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  21. 6-2-human-resource-performance as
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  22. 6-3-organisational-design as
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  23. 6-4-human-resource-planning as
    4 主题
  24. 6-5-motivation as
    1 主题
  25. 6-6-improving-employer-employee-relations as
    2 主题
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Exam code:7131

The role of a manager

  • A manager is an individual responsible for overseeing the day-to-day organisation of a team or a specific function

  • Managers exist at various levels within a business organisation

  • Large businesses usually have several layers of management with distinct responsibilities

    • Directors and executives establish the business’s overall goals and set its long-term targets

      • They are ultimately responsible for business performance

    • Senior managers work to achieve the targets set by the owners or directors

      • They are often responsible for a function within the business, e.g. marketing or finance

    • Supervisors and team leaders support senior managers to achieve their targets

      • They report problems and pass on instructions

      • They may make simple decisions, such as allocating jobs among different employees

  • Managers perform four important functions within a business

Managerial functions

Planning

Organising

  • Senior managers set overall business aims and corporate objectives, which then determine functional objectives

  • They decide on strategies to be pursued and determine timescales

  • Managers ensure resources such as equipment, workers, supervision and logistics are in place

Directing

Controlling

  • Managers lead and motivate others, communicate clear expectations and focus human resources on tasks

  • Managers track progress and make appropriate changes to ensure objectives are met

  • They implement contingency plans or engage in crisis management when required

The importance of a leader

  • Leadership is about having a vision, sharing that vision with others and providing direction

Leadership vs management

A Venn diagram comparing leadership and management. Leadership focuses on goals, risks and trust, while management focuses on tasks, control and rules. Shared traits: goals and vision.
The different characteristics of leaders and managers

Key differences between leadership and management

  1. Vision vs execution

    • Leadership focuses on creating a vision, setting direction and inspiring others to follow

    • Management focuses on executing plans, organising resources and ensuring tasks are completed on time

  2. Influence vs control

    • Leadership focuses on influencing others to achieve a common goal by inspiring and motivating

    • Management focuses on controlling resources and processes to ensure that objectives are met

  3. People vs processes

    • Leadership focuses on people, their needs and their motivation

    • Management focuses on processes, structures and systems

  4. Long-term vs short-term

    • Leadership focuses on the long-term vision and strategy

    • Management focuses on short-term goals and targets

  5. Creativity vs efficiency

    • Leadership encourages creativity and innovation

    • Management focuses more on efficiency and productivity

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