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Biology_Alevel_Ocr

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  1. 4-1-communicable-diseases-disease-prevention-and-the-immune-system
    16 主题
  2. 4-2-biodiversity
    10 主题
  3. 4-3-classification-and-evolution
    15 主题
  4. 5-1-communication-and-homeostasis
    4 主题
  5. 5-2-excretion
    10 主题
  6. 5-3-neuronal-communication
    9 主题
  7. 5-4-hormonal-communication
    4 主题
  8. 5-5-plant-and-animal-responses
    16 主题
  9. 5-6-photosynthesis
    10 主题
  10. 5-7-respiration
    14 主题
  11. 6-1-cellular-control
    7 主题
  12. 6-2-patterns-of-inheritance
    13 主题
  13. 6-3-manipulating-genomes
    11 主题
  14. 6-4-cloning-and-biotechnology
    14 主题
  15. 6-5-ecosystems
    7 主题
  16. 6-6-populations-and-sustainability
    6 主题
  17. 1-1-practical-skills-written-assessment
    7 主题
  18. 1-2-practical-skills-endorsement-assessment
    16 主题
  19. 2-1-cell-structure
    9 主题
  20. 2-2-biological-molecules
    17 主题
  21. 2-3-nucleotides-and-nucleic-acids
    8 主题
  22. 2-4-enzymes
    9 主题
  23. 2-5-biological-membranes
    9 主题
  24. 2-6-cell-division-cell-diversity-and-cellular-organisation
    11 主题
  25. 3-1-exchange-surfaces
    7 主题
  26. 3-2-transport-in-animals
    12 主题
  27. 3-3-transport-in-plants
    11 主题
  1. Biology_Alevel_Ocr
  2. 5-6-photosynthesis
  3. 5-6-6-using-the-products-of-the-light-dependent-reaction
课 9, 主题 6
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5-6-6-using-the-products-of-the-light-dependent-reaction

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Using the Products of the Light-Dependent Reaction

  • Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent stage, which takes place in the thylakoids, and the light-independent stage, which takes place in the stroma

  • During the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis:

    • Reduced NADP is produced when hydrogen ions combine with the carrier molecule NADP using electrons from the photolysis of water

    • ATP is produced from ADP and Pi by ATP synthase in a process called photophosphorylation (ADP + Pi → ATP)

    • Photophosphorylation uses the proton (H+) gradient generated by the photolysis of water

    • Energy from ATP and hydrogen from reduced NADP are passed from the light-dependent stage to the light-independent stage of photosynthesis

  • The energy and hydrogen are used during the light-independent reactions (known collectively as the Calvin cycle) to produce complex organic molecules, including (but not limited to) carbohydrates, such as:

    • Starch (for storage)

    • Sucrose (for translocation around the plant)

    • Cellulose (for making cell walls)

The two stages of photosynthesis, downloadable AS & A Level Biology revision notes

Photosynthesis occurs in two, closely-linked stages: the light-dependent stage, which takes place in the thylakoids, and the light-independent stage, which takes place in the stroma

Examiner Tips and Tricks

Remember, the whole purpose of the light-dependent stage is to produce ATP and reduced NADP, which are then used to complete the process of photosynthesis through the light-independent stage.