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Biology_A-level_Cie

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  1. 1-1-the-microscope-in-cell-studies
    5 主题
  2. 1-2-cells-as-the-basic-units-of-living-organisms
    5 主题
  3. 2-1-testing-for-biological-molecules
    3 主题
  4. 2-2-carbohydrates-and-lipids
    8 主题
  5. 2-3-proteins
    6 主题
  6. 2-4-water
    2 主题
  7. 3-1-mode-of-action-of-enzymes
    5 主题
  8. 3-2-factors-that-affect-enzyme-action
    8 主题
  9. 4-1-fluid-mosaic-membranes
    4 主题
  10. 4-2-movement-into-and-out-of-cells
    12 主题
  11. 5-1-replication-and-division-of-nuclei-and-cells
    6 主题
  12. 5-2-chromosome-behaviour-in-mitosis
    2 主题
  13. 6-1-structure-of-nucleic-acids-and-replication-of-dna
    4 主题
  14. 6-2-protein-synthesis
    5 主题
  15. 7-1-structure-of-transport-tissues
    4 主题
  16. 7-2-transport-mechanisms
    7 主题
  17. 8-1-the-circulatory-system
    7 主题
  18. 8-2-transport-of-oxygen-and-carbon-dioxide
    5 主题
  19. 8-3-the-heart
    4 主题
  20. 9-1-the-gas-exchange-system
    6 主题
  21. 10-1-infectious-diseases
    3 主题
  22. 10-2-antibiotics
    3 主题
  23. 11-1-the-immune-system
    4 主题
  24. 11-2-antibodies-and-vaccination
    6 主题
  25. 12-1-energy
    5 主题
  26. 12-2-respiration
    11 主题
  27. 13-1-photosynthesis-as-an-energy-transfer-process
    8 主题
  28. 13-2-investigation-of-limiting-factors
    2 主题
  29. 14-1-homeostasis-in-mammals
    8 主题
  30. 14-2-homeostasis-in-plants
    3 主题
  31. 15-1-control-and-coordination-in-mammals
    12 主题
  32. 15-2-control-and-coordination-in-plants
    3 主题
  33. 16-1-passage-of-information-from-parents-to-offspring
    5 主题
  34. 16-2-the-roles-of-genes-in-determining-the-phenotype
    7 主题
  35. 16-3-gene-control
    3 主题
  36. 17-1-variation
    4 主题
  37. 17-2-natural-and-artificial-selection
    7 主题
  38. 17-3-evolution
    2 主题
  39. 18-1-classification
    5 主题
  40. 18-2-biodiversity
    7 主题
  41. 18-3-conservation
    6 主题
  42. 19-1-principles-of-genetic-technology
    11 主题
  43. 19-2-genetic-technology-applied-to-medicine
    4 主题
  44. 19-3-genetically-modified-organisms-in-agriculture
    2 主题
  45. 1-1-the-microscope-in-cell-studies
  46. 1-2-cells-as-the-basic-units-of-living-organisms
  47. 2-1-testing-for-biological-molecules
  48. 2-2-carbohydrates-and-lipids
  49. 2-3-proteins
  50. 2-4-water
  51. 3-1-mode-of-action-of-enzymes
  52. 3-2-factors-that-affect-enzyme-action
  53. 4-1-fluid-mosaic-membranes
  54. 4-2-movement-into-and-out-of-cells
  55. 5-1-replication-and-division-of-nuclei-and-cells
  56. 5-2-chromosome-behaviour-in-mitosis
  57. 6-1-structure-of-nucleic-acids-and-replication-of-dna
  58. 6-2-protein-synthesis
  59. 7-1-structure-of-transport-tissues
  60. 7-2-transport-mechanisms
  61. 8-1-the-circulatory-system
  62. 8-2-transport-of-oxygen-and-carbon-dioxide
  63. 8-3-the-heart
  64. 9-1-the-gas-exchange-system
  65. 10-1-infectious-diseases
  66. 10-2-antibiotics
  67. 11-1-the-immune-system
  68. 11-2-antibodies-and-vaccination
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Eukarya

  • The hierarchical classification system of organisms in biology is used to organise and group similar organisms together so that evolutionary relationships between organisms can be more easily understood

  • There are several taxonomic ranks that exist

  • Species is the lowest taxonomic rank in the system

    • Similar species can be grouped in a genus

    • Similar genuses can be grouped in a family

    • Similar families can be grouped into an order

    • Similar orders can be grouped into a class

    • Similar classes can be grouped into a phylum

    • Similar phyla can be grouped into a kingdom

    • Similar kingdoms can be grouped into a domain

  • Domains are the highest taxonomic rank in the system

  • There are a few different mnemonics that exist to help you remember the different ranks in the taxonomic classification system. You can always make up your own but the one below is super helpful!

  • The first letters of all the different ranks below the domains can be remembered as:

    • Kings Play Chess On Fancy Gold Squares

    • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomic classification chart: ordered levels from domain to species, top to bottom. Arrows indicate decreasing generality and increasing specificity.
The hierarchical classification system. The higher ranks contain more organisms with less similarity between them. The lower ranks contain fewer organisms with more similarity between them

Classification of an organism in the Eukarya domain

  • Just like the other domains, Eukarya contains the taxonomic hierarchy of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Coloured chart of biological classification from domain to species, showing a hierarchy tree with solid and dashed lines indicating relationships.
The classification system is organised within the Eukarya domain—note there are missing groups at each rank

  • A wolf is an example of an organism in the Eukarya domain

  • It can be classified further into its kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus and species

  • A wolf belongs to the following taxonomic groups:

    • Domain: Eukarya

    • Kingdom: Animalia

    • Phylum: Chordata

    • Class: Mammalia

    • Order: Carnivora

    • Family: Canidae

    • Genus: Canis

    • Species: lupus

Taxonomy chart showing hierarchy: domain Eukarya to species Canis lupus, through kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora.
The classification of a wolf (Canis lupus)

  • The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is another example of of an organism in the Eukarya domain

  • It is a colourful flowering plant

  • It belongs to the following taxonomic groups:

    • Domain: Eukarya

    • Kingdom: Plantae

    • Phylum: Angiospermae

    • Class: Dicotyledonae

    • Order: Malvales

    • Family: Malvaceae

    • Genus: Hibiscus

    • Species: rosa-sinensis

Yellow hibiscus flower with five petals, a red centre, and prominent stamens, surrounded by green leaves and buds, in natural outdoor setting.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Dinkun Chen, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

Taxonomic rank

Wolf

Hibiscus

Domain

Eukarya

Eukarya

Kingdom

Animalia

Plantae

Phylum

Chordata

Angiospermae

Class

Mammalia

Dicotyledonae

Order

Carnivora

Malvales

Family

Canidae

Malvaceae

Genus

Canis

Hibiscus

Species

lupus

rosa-sinensis

Examiner Tips and Tricks

The Latinised name of a species always consists of two words: the genus and species. This means when provided with the Latin name of a species you are automatically provided with information about the last two taxonomic ranks that the organism belongs to. Remember this when being asked to show or explain the classification of an organism in the exam.