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Biology_A-level_Cie
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1-1-the-microscope-in-cell-studies5 主题
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1-2-cells-as-the-basic-units-of-living-organisms5 主题
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2-1-testing-for-biological-molecules3 主题
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2-2-carbohydrates-and-lipids8 主题
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2-3-proteins6 主题
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2-4-water2 主题
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3-1-mode-of-action-of-enzymes5 主题
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3-2-factors-that-affect-enzyme-action8 主题
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4-1-fluid-mosaic-membranes4 主题
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4-2-movement-into-and-out-of-cells12 主题
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diffusion
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osmosis
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active-transport
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endocytosis-and-exocytosis
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investigating-transport-processes-in-plants
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investigating-diffusion
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surface-area-to-volume-ratios
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investigating-surface-area
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estimating-water-potential-in-plants
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osmosis-in-plant-cells
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osmosis-in-animals
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comparing-osmosis-in-plants-and-animals
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diffusion
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5-1-replication-and-division-of-nuclei-and-cells6 主题
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5-2-chromosome-behaviour-in-mitosis2 主题
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6-1-structure-of-nucleic-acids-and-replication-of-dna4 主题
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6-2-protein-synthesis5 主题
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7-1-structure-of-transport-tissues4 主题
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7-2-transport-mechanisms7 主题
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8-1-the-circulatory-system7 主题
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8-2-transport-of-oxygen-and-carbon-dioxide5 主题
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8-3-the-heart4 主题
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9-1-the-gas-exchange-system6 主题
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10-1-infectious-diseases3 主题
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10-2-antibiotics3 主题
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11-1-the-immune-system4 主题
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11-2-antibodies-and-vaccination6 主题
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12-1-energy5 主题
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12-2-respiration11 主题
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aerobic-respiration-the-krebs-cycle
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aerobic-respiration-role-of-nad-and-fad
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aerobic-respiration-oxidative-phosphorylation
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anaerobic-respiration
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energy-yield-aerobic-and-anaerobic-respiration
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anaerobic-adaptation-of-rice
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aerobic-respiration-effect-of-temperature-and-substrate-concentration
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structure-and-function-of-mitochondria
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the-four-stages-in-aerobic-respiration
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aerobic-respiration-glycolysis
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aerobic-respiration-the-link-reaction
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aerobic-respiration-the-krebs-cycle
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13-1-photosynthesis-as-an-energy-transfer-process8 主题
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13-2-investigation-of-limiting-factors2 主题
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14-1-homeostasis-in-mammals8 主题
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14-2-homeostasis-in-plants3 主题
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15-1-control-and-coordination-in-mammals12 主题
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the-endocrine-system
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the-nervous-system
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neurones
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sensory-receptor-cells
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sequence-of-events-resulting-in-an-action-potential
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transmission-of-nerve-impulses
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speed-of-conduction-of-impulses
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the-refractory-period
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cholinergic-synapses
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stimulating-contraction-in-striated-muscle
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ultrastructure-of-striated-muscle
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sliding-filament-model-of-muscular-contraction
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the-endocrine-system
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15-2-control-and-coordination-in-plants3 主题
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16-1-passage-of-information-from-parents-to-offspring5 主题
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16-2-the-roles-of-genes-in-determining-the-phenotype7 主题
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16-3-gene-control3 主题
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17-1-variation4 主题
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17-2-natural-and-artificial-selection7 主题
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17-3-evolution2 主题
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18-1-classification5 主题
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18-2-biodiversity7 主题
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18-3-conservation6 主题
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19-1-principles-of-genetic-technology11 主题
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19-2-genetic-technology-applied-to-medicine4 主题
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19-3-genetically-modified-organisms-in-agriculture2 主题
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1-1-the-microscope-in-cell-studies
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1-2-cells-as-the-basic-units-of-living-organisms
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2-1-testing-for-biological-molecules
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2-2-carbohydrates-and-lipids
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2-3-proteins
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2-4-water
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3-1-mode-of-action-of-enzymes
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3-2-factors-that-affect-enzyme-action
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4-1-fluid-mosaic-membranes
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4-2-movement-into-and-out-of-cells
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5-1-replication-and-division-of-nuclei-and-cells
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5-2-chromosome-behaviour-in-mitosis
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6-1-structure-of-nucleic-acids-and-replication-of-dna
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6-2-protein-synthesis
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7-1-structure-of-transport-tissues
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7-2-transport-mechanisms
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8-1-the-circulatory-system
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8-2-transport-of-oxygen-and-carbon-dioxide
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8-3-the-heart
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9-1-the-gas-exchange-system
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10-1-infectious-diseases
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10-2-antibiotics
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11-1-the-immune-system
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11-2-antibodies-and-vaccination
课 29,
主题 4
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nephron-structure
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Nephron structure
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Each kidney contains thousands of tiny tubes, known as nephrons
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The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney—the nephrons are responsible for the formation of urine

Examiner Tips and Tricks
As well as in diagrams, you should be able to identify the parts of the nephron described above in photomicrographs and electron micrographs too (examples of these can be found online or in your Cambridge International AS & A Level coursebook).