Biology AS OCR

1-1-practical-skills-written-assessment AS 7 主题

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1-1-1-experimental-design as

1-1-2-identification-of-variables as

1-1-3-evaluating-experimental-methods as

1-1-4-using-units as

1-1-5-presenting-experimental-data as

1-1-6-mathematical-analysis-of-results as

1-1-7-drawing-conclusions as

1-2-practical-skills-endorsement-assessment AS 16 主题

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1-2-1-practical-ethical-use-of-organisms as

1-2-2-practical-aseptic-techniques as

1-2-3-practical-dissection-of-gas-exchange-surfaces-in-fish-and-insects as

1-2-4-drawing-cells-from-blood-smears as

1-2-5-practical-investigating-biodiversity-using-sampling as

1-2-6-practical-data-loggers-and-computer-modelling as

1-2-7-practical-investigating-the-rate-of-diffusion as

1-2-8-practical-investigating-water-potential as

1-2-9-practical-factors-affecting-membrane-structure-and-permeability as

1-2-10-biochemical-tests-reducing-sugars-and-starch as

1-2-11-biochemical-tests-lipids as

1-2-12-biochemical-tests-proteins as

1-2-13-chromatography as

1-2-14-serial-dilutions as

1-2-15-practical-investigating-the-rate-of-transpiration as

1-2-16-practical-using-a-light-microscope as

2-1-cell-structure AS 9 主题

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2-1-2-using-a-microscope as

2-1-3-drawing-cells as

2-1-4-magnification-and-resolution as

2-1-5-eukaryotic-cells as

2-1-6-eukaryotic-cells-under-the-microscope as

2-1-7-organelles-and-the-production-of-proteins as

2-1-8-the-cytoskeleton as

2-1-9-prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cells as

2-1-1-studying-cells as

2-2-biological-molecules AS 17 主题

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2-2-1-properties-of-water as

2-2-2-monomers-and-polymers as

2-2-3-monosaccharides as

2-2-4-the-glycosidic-bond as

2-2-5-polysaccharides as

2-2-6-biochemical-tests-reducing-sugars-and-starch as

2-2-7-lipids-and-ester-bonds as

2-2-8-lipids-structure-and-function as

2-2-9-biochemical-tests-lipids as

2-2-10-amino-acids-and-peptide-bonds as

2-2-11-protein-structure as

2-2-12-globular-proteins as

2-2-13-fibrous-proteins as

2-2-14-inorganic-ions as

2-2-15-biochemical-tests-proteins as

2-2-16-finding-the-concentration-of-a-substance as

2-2-17-chromatography as

2-3-nucleotides-and-nucleic-acids AS 8 主题

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2-3-1-nucleotides-and-phosphodiester-bonds as

2-3-2-phosphorylated-nucleotides as

2-3-3-dna-structure as

2-3-4-dna-purification as

2-3-5-dna-replication as

2-3-6-the-genetic-code as

2-3-7-transcription as

2-3-8-translation as

2-4-enzymes AS 9 主题

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2-4-1-the-role-of-enzymes as

2-4-2-enzyme-action as

2-4-3-enzyme-activity-ph as

2-4-4-enzyme-activity-temperature as

2-4-5-enzyme-activity-enzyme-concentration as

2-4-6-enzyme-activity-substrate-concentration as

2-4-7-enzyme-activity-enzyme-inhibitors as

2-4-8-coenzymes-cofactors-and-prosthetic-groups as

2-4-9-practical-measuring-enzyme-activity as

2-5-biological-membranes AS 9 主题

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2-5-1-the-cell-surface-membrane as

2-5-2-membrane-structure-and-permeability as

2-5-3-diffusion-and-facilitated-diffusion as

2-5-4-practical-investigating-the-rate-of-diffusion as

2-5-5-active-transport as

2-5-6-endocytosis-and-exocytosis as

2-5-7-osmosis as

2-5-8-osmosis-in-animal-and-plant-cells as

2-5-9-practical-investigating-water-potential as

2-6-cell-division-cell-diversity-and-cellular-organisation AS 11 主题

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2-6-1-the-cell-cycle as

2-6-2-the-stages-of-mitosis as

2-6-3-identifying-mitosis-in-plant-cells as

2-6-4-the-significance-of-mitosis as

2-6-5-the-stages-of-meiosis as

2-6-6-the-significance-of-meiosis as

2-6-7-specialised-cells as

2-6-8-the-organisation-of-cells as

2-6-9-stem-cells as

2-6-10-stem-cells-in-animals-and-plants as

2-6-11-the-use-of-stem-cells as

3-1-exchange-surfaces AS 7 主题

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3-1-1-specialised-exchange-surfaces as

3-1-2-features-of-exchange-surfaces as

3-1-3-the-mammalian-gas-exchange-system as

3-1-4-ventilation-in-mammals as

3-1-5-spirometers as

3-1-6-gas-exchange-in-fish-and-insects as

3-1-7-practical-dissection-of-gas-exchange-surfaces-in-fish-and-insects as

3-2-transport-in-animals AS 12 主题

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3-2-1-the-need-for-transport-systems-in-animals as

3-2-2-circulatory-systems as

3-2-3-blood-vessels as

3-2-4-tissue-fluid as

3-2-5-the-mammalian-heart as

3-2-6-practical-mammalian-heart-dissection as

3-2-7-the-cardiac-cycle as

3-2-8-cardiac-output as

3-2-9-heart-action-initiation-and-control as

3-2-10-electrocardiograms-ecgs as

3-2-11-the-role-of-haemoglobin as

3-2-12-adult-and-fetal-haemoglobin as

3-3-transport-in-plants AS 11 主题

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3-3-1-the-need-for-transport-systems-in-plants as

3-3-2-the-xylem-and-phloem as

3-3-3-the-xylem as

3-3-4-the-phloem as

3-3-5-transverse-sections-stems-roots-and-leaves as

3-3-6-the-process-of-transpiration as

3-3-7-transpiration-in-plants as

3-3-8-practical-investigating-the-rate-of-transpiration as

3-3-9-translocation as

3-3-10-the-mass-flow-hypothesis as

3-3-11-the-adaptations-of-xerophytic-and-hydrophytic-plants as

4-1-communicable-diseases-disease-prevention-and-the-immune-system AS 16 主题

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4-1-1-common-pathogens-and-communicable-diseases as

4-1-2-transmission-of-communicable-pathogens as

4-1-3-plant-defences-against-pathogens as

4-1-4-non-specific-immune-responses as

4-1-5-phagocytes as

4-1-6-blood-cells as

4-1-7-the-t-lymphocyte-response as

4-1-8-the-b-lymphocyte-response as

4-1-9-primary-and-secondary-immune-responses as

4-1-10-antibodies as

4-1-11-opsonins-agglutinins-and-anti-toxins as

4-1-12-types-of-immunity as

4-1-13-autoimmune-diseases as

4-1-14-principles-of-vaccination as

4-1-15-sources-of-medicine as

4-1-16-antibiotics as

4-2-biodiversity AS 10 主题

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4-2-1-biodiversity as

4-2-2-sampling-to-determine-biodiversity as

4-2-3-practical-investigating-biodiversity-using-sampling as

4-2-4-measuring-species-richness-and-species-evenness as

4-2-5-simpsons-index as

4-2-6-genetic-diversity as

4-2-7-factors-affecting-biodiversity as

4-2-8-reasons-for-maintaining-biodiversity as

4-2-9-methods-of-maintaining-biodiversity as

4-2-10-conservation-agreements as

4-3-classification-and-evolution AS 15 主题

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4-3-1-classification-of-species as

4-3-2-binomial-system as

4-3-3-classification-of-the-three-domains as

4-3-4-classification-of-the-five-kingdoms as

4-3-5-classification-and-phylogeny as

4-3-6-evidence-of-evolution as

4-3-7-types-of-variation as

4-3-8-standard-deviation as

4-3-9-variation-t-test-method as

4-3-10-variation-t-test-worked-example as

4-3-11-spearmans-rank-correlation as

4-3-12-adaptation as

4-3-13-natural-selection as

4-3-14-evolution-of-resistance as

4-3-15-consequences-of-resistance as

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