Biology AS Edexcel Snab Revision
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lifestyle-health-and-risk as19 主题
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diet-and-health interpreting-data-on-risk-factors
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diet-and-health treatment-of-cvd
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diet-and-health energy-budgets-and-diet
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diet-and-health monosaccharides
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diet-and-health the-glycosidic-bond
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diet-and-health disaccharides
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diet-and-health polysaccharides
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diet-and-health lipids-and-ester-bonds
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diet-and-health reducing-risk-factors-of-cvd
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diet-and-health practical-vitamin-c-content
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the-circulatory-system the-need-for-a-circulatory-system
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the-circulatory-system the-importance-of-water-in-transport
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the-circulatory-system mammalian-heart-structure-and-function
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the-circulatory-system blood-vessels-structure-and-function
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the-circulatory-system cardiac-cycle
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the-circulatory-system investigating-heart-rate
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the-circulatory-system atherosclerosis
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the-circulatory-system blood-clotting
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diet-and-health cardiovascular-disease
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diet-and-health interpreting-data-on-risk-factors
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genes-and-health as28 主题
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport properties-of-gas-exchange-surfaces
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport ficks-law-of-diffusion
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport the-mammalian-lung
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport cell-membranes
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport practical-investigating-membrane-permeability
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport diffusion-and-facilitated-diffusion
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport active-transport
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport osmosis
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nucleic-acids nucleotides-and-phosphodiester-bonds
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nucleic-acids dna-structure
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nucleic-acids rna-structure
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proteins transcription
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proteins translation
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proteins nature-of-the-genetic-code
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proteins amino-acids-and-peptide-bonds
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proteins levels-of-protein-structure
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proteins globular-proteins-structure-and-function
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proteins fibrous-proteins-structure-and-function
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proteins the-role-of-enzymes
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proteins mode-of-enzyme-action
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proteins enzyme-and-substrate-concentrations
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inheritance dna-replication
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inheritance mutations
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inheritance inheritance-key-terms
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inheritance pedigree-diagrams
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inheritance monohybrid-crosses
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inheritance chi-squared-test
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inheritance genetic-screening
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport properties-of-gas-exchange-surfaces
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voice-of-the-genome as19 主题
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cell-structure-and-organisation cell-theory
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cell-structure-and-organisation eukaryotic-cells
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cell-structure-and-organisation prokaryotic-cells
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cell-structure-and-organisation organisation-of-cells
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cell-structure-and-organisation microscopy
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cell-structure-and-organisation magnification-calculations
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cell-structure-and-organisation recognising-organelles
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cell-division the-cell-cycle
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cell-division mitosis
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cell-division practical-identifying-mitosis-in-plant-cells
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reproduction-and-inheritance mammalian-gametes
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reproduction-and-inheritance fertilisation-in-mammals
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reproduction-and-inheritance genes-and-linkage
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reproduction-and-inheritance meiosis-source-of-genetic-variation
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differentiation-and-variation stem-cells
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differentiation-and-variation stem-cells-in-medicine
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differentiation-and-variation cell-differentiation
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differentiation-and-variation epigenetics
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differentiation-and-variation phenotypes-and-variation
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cell-structure-and-organisation cell-theory
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biodiversity-and-natural-resources as19 主题
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biodiversity the-variety-of-life
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biodiversity measuring-biodiversity-within-a-habitat
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biodiversity comparing-biodiversity-between-habitats
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biodiversity ecological-niches-and-adaptations
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biodiversity natural-selection
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biodiversity hardy-weinberg-equation
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biodiversity reproductive-isolation
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biodiversity classification
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biodiversity conservation-of-biodiversity
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resources-from-plants plant-cell-structure
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resources-from-plants plant-stems
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resources-from-plants importance-of-water-and-inorganic-ions-to-plants
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resources-from-plants starch-and-cellulose-structure-and-function
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resources-from-plants plant-fibres
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resources-from-plants practical-identifying-tissue-types-within-stems
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resources-from-plants tensile-strength-plant-fibres
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resources-from-plants development-of-drug-testing
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resources-from-plants antimicrobial-properties-of-plants
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resources-from-plants sustainability-and-plant-materials
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biodiversity the-variety-of-life
diet-and-health the-glycosidic-bond
Exam code:8BN0
The Glycosidic Bond
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To make monosaccharides more suitable for storage they are bonded together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
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Polysaccharides are insoluble so have less influence on the process of osmosis
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Disaccharides and polysaccharides are formed when two hydroxyl (OH) groups on different monosaccharides interact to form a strong covalent bond called a glycosidic bond
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The name of the glycosidic bond that forms depends on the location of the OH groups on the monosaccharides concerned, e.g.
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If the OH groups are located on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 4 of the other, a 1,4 glycosidic bond forms
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If the OH groups are located on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 6 of the other, a 1,6 glycosidic bond forms
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Every glycosidic bond results in one water molecule being released, thus glycosidic bonds are formed by a condensation reaction
Glycosidic bonds form through condensation reactions, during which a water molecule is released. When two glucose molecules are joined by a glycosidic bond, the resulting disaccharide is maltose.
Glycosidic bonds can link monosaccharides together to form polysaccharides such as amylopectin, a form of starch. Amylopectin contains 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.
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There are many different types of monosaccharide, which join together to form different disaccharides, e.g.
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Two molecules of glucose join to form maltose
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Glucose joins with the monosaccharide fructose to form sucrose
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Glucose joins with the monosaccharide galactose to form lactose
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Breaking the glycosidic bond
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The glycosidic bond is broken when water is added in a hydrolysis reaction
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Hydro = water
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Lysis = to break
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Examples of hydrolytic reactions include the digestion of food in the alimentary tract and the breakdown of stored carbohydrates in muscle and liver cells for use in cellular respiration
Glycosidic bonds are broken when water is added in a hydrolysis reaction
Responses