Biology AS AQA
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1-1-biological-molecules-carbohydrates11 主题
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1-1-1-biological-molecules-key-terms
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1-1-2-biological-molecules-reactions
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1-1-3-monosaccharides
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1-1-4-glucose
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1-1-5-the-glycosidic-bond
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1-1-6-chromatography-monosaccharides
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1-1-7-disaccharides
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1-1-8-starch-and-glycogen
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1-1-9-cellulose
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1-1-10-biochemical-tests-sugars-and-starch
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1-1-11-finding-the-concentration-of-glucose
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1-1-1-biological-molecules-key-terms
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1-2-biological-molecules-lipids3 主题
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1-3-biological-molecules-proteins5 主题
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1-4-proteins-enzymes12 主题
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1-4-1-many-proteins-are-enzymes
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1-4-2-enzyme-specificity
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1-4-3-how-enzymes-work
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1-4-4-required-practical-measuring-enzyme-activity
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1-4-5-drawing-a-graph-for-enzyme-rate-experiments
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1-4-6-using-a-tangent-to-find-initial-rate-of-reaction
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1-4-7-limiting-factors-affecting-enzymes-temperature
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1-4-8-limiting-factors-affecting-enzymes-ph
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1-4-10-limiting-factors-affecting-enzymes-enzyme-concentration
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1-4-11-limiting-factors-affecting-enzymes-substrate-concentration
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1-4-12-limiting-factors-affecting-enzymes-inhibitors
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1-4-14-control-of-variables-and-uncertainty
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1-4-1-many-proteins-are-enzymes
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1-5-nucleic-acids-structure-and-dna-replication8 主题
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1-5-2-nucleotide-structure-and-the-phosphodiester-bond
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1-5-3-dna-structure-and-function
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1-5-4-rna-structure-and-function
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1-5-5-ribosomes
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1-5-6-the-origins-of-research-on-the-genetic-code
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1-5-8-the-process-of-semi-conservative-replication
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1-5-9-calculating-the-frequency-of-nucleotide-bases
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1-5-10-the-watson-crick-model
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1-5-2-nucleotide-structure-and-the-phosphodiester-bond
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1-6-atp-water-and-inorganic-ions4 主题
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2-1-cell-structure7 主题
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2-2-the-microscope-in-cell-studies4 主题
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2-3-cell-division-in-eukaryotic-and-prokaryotic-cells8 主题
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2-4-cell-membranes-and-transport9 主题
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2-4-1-the-structure-of-cell-membranes
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2-4-3-the-cell-surface-membrane
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2-4-4-diffusion
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2-4-5-osmosis
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2-4-7-osmosis-in-animal-cells
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2-4-9-required-practical-investigating-water-potential
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2-4-10-active-transport-and-co-transport
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2-4-11-adaptations-for-rapid-transport
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2-4-13-required-practical-factors-affecting-membrane-permeability
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2-4-1-the-structure-of-cell-membranes
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2-5-cell-recognition-and-the-immune-system7 主题
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2-6-vaccines-disease-and-monoclonal-antibodies6 主题
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3-1-adaptations-for-gas-exchange6 主题
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3-2-human-gas-exchange14 主题
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3-2-5-the-alveolar-epithelium
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3-2-1-the-human-gas-exchange-system
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3-2-2-dissecting-the-gas-exchange-system
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3-2-3-microscopy-and-gas-exchange-surfaces
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3-2-4-investigating-gas-exchange
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3-5-5-investigating-heart-rate
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3-5-6-blood-vessels
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3-5-7-capillaries-and-tissue-fluid
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3-5-8-cardiovascular-disease-data
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3-2-10-risk-factor-data
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3-2-11-correlations-and-causal-relationships
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3-2-6-ventilation-and-gas-exchange
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3-2-8-the-effects-of-lung-disease
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3-2-9-pollution-and-smoking-data
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3-2-5-the-alveolar-epithelium
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3-3-digestion-and-absorption5 主题
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3-4-mass-transport-in-animals6 主题
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3-5-the-circulatory-system-in-animals4 主题
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3-6-mass-transport-in-plants6 主题
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4-1-dna-genes-and-chromosomes10 主题
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4-2-dna-and-protein-synthesis3 主题
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4-3-genetic-diversity-mutations-and-meiosis7 主题
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4-4-genetic-diversity-and-adaptation6 主题
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4-5-species-and-taxonomy4 主题
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4-6-biodiversity9 主题
4-5-1-courtship
Exam code:7401
Courtship
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Organisms belong to the same species if they interbreed in their natural habitat to produce fertile offspring
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The process of successful interbreeding or mating is preceded by some form of courtship behaviour
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Courtship in animals is a behaviour that eventually results in mating and reproduction
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It can be a very simple process that involves a small number of visual, chemical or auditory stimuli
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It can also be a highly complex sequence of acts by two or more individuals, who are using several modes of communication
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Many birds of paradise have intricate and impressive courtship rituals
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Courtship can play a major role in species recognition
Photo courtesy of Bob Brewer via Unsplash (opens in a new tab)
Example: Drosophila (fruit fly)
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Fruit fly species in the genus Drosophila are hard to distinguish by appearance, but each has a unique, genetically controlled courtship ritual
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Males perform species-specific “dances” involving wing vibrations, body movements, and licking
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Females only respond to the correct sequence and signal disinterest through specific behaviours that the male recognises
Examiner Tips and Tricks
You do not need to remember any specific examples of courtship behaviour but you should be able to discuss ways in which courtship behaviour increases the probability of successful mating and how it aids in species recognition. You may be presented with data or information about a particular animal and asked to interpret the data.
Responses