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Biology AS AQA

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  1. 1-1-biological-molecules-carbohydrates
    11 主题
  2. 1-2-biological-molecules-lipids
    3 主题
  3. 1-3-biological-molecules-proteins
    5 主题
  4. 1-4-proteins-enzymes
    12 主题
  5. 1-5-nucleic-acids-structure-and-dna-replication
    8 主题
  6. 1-6-atp-water-and-inorganic-ions
    4 主题
  7. 2-1-cell-structure
    7 主题
  8. 2-2-the-microscope-in-cell-studies
    4 主题
  9. 2-3-cell-division-in-eukaryotic-and-prokaryotic-cells
    8 主题
  10. 2-4-cell-membranes-and-transport
    9 主题
  11. 2-5-cell-recognition-and-the-immune-system
    7 主题
  12. 2-6-vaccines-disease-and-monoclonal-antibodies
    6 主题
  13. 3-1-adaptations-for-gas-exchange
    6 主题
  14. 3-2-human-gas-exchange
    14 主题
  15. 3-3-digestion-and-absorption
    5 主题
  16. 3-4-mass-transport-in-animals
    6 主题
  17. 3-5-the-circulatory-system-in-animals
    4 主题
  18. 3-6-mass-transport-in-plants
    6 主题
  19. 4-1-dna-genes-and-chromosomes
    10 主题
  20. 4-2-dna-and-protein-synthesis
    3 主题
  21. 4-3-genetic-diversity-mutations-and-meiosis
    7 主题
  22. 4-4-genetic-diversity-and-adaptation
    6 主题
  23. 4-5-species-and-taxonomy
    4 主题
  24. 4-6-biodiversity
    9 主题
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Exam code:7401

DNA in prokaryotes

  • The DNA in prokaryotic cells is different from the DNA found in eukaryotic cells

  • Prokaryotes possess a single, circular chromosomal DNA molecule

    • It is sometimes referred to as a nucleoid

  • They also usually have one or more plasmids

    • Plasmids are very small circular DNA molecules which contain a few genes

    • Plasmids are more accessible for proteins required for gene expression and therefore contain genes that are required often, quickly and/or in emergencies

    • The genes for antibiotic resistance are often found in plasmids

  • The DNA within prokaryotic cells is not associated with any proteins

    • Eukaryotic DNA associates with histone proteins

Diagram of a bacterial cell showing nucleoid with chromosomal DNA and plasmid inside the cytoplasm, surrounded by a cell wall and pilus extensions.
The arrangement of DNA within a prokaryotic cell

Examiner Tips and Tricks

The word prokaryote means “before the nucleus”, whereas eukaryote means “true nucleus”.

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