Biology AS Edexcel Snab Revision
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lifestyle-health-and-risk as19 主题
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diet-and-health interpreting-data-on-risk-factors
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diet-and-health treatment-of-cvd
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diet-and-health energy-budgets-and-diet
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diet-and-health monosaccharides
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diet-and-health the-glycosidic-bond
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diet-and-health disaccharides
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diet-and-health polysaccharides
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diet-and-health lipids-and-ester-bonds
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diet-and-health reducing-risk-factors-of-cvd
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diet-and-health practical-vitamin-c-content
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the-circulatory-system the-need-for-a-circulatory-system
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the-circulatory-system the-importance-of-water-in-transport
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the-circulatory-system mammalian-heart-structure-and-function
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the-circulatory-system blood-vessels-structure-and-function
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the-circulatory-system cardiac-cycle
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the-circulatory-system investigating-heart-rate
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the-circulatory-system atherosclerosis
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the-circulatory-system blood-clotting
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diet-and-health cardiovascular-disease
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diet-and-health interpreting-data-on-risk-factors
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genes-and-health as28 主题
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport properties-of-gas-exchange-surfaces
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport ficks-law-of-diffusion
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport the-mammalian-lung
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport cell-membranes
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport practical-investigating-membrane-permeability
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport diffusion-and-facilitated-diffusion
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport active-transport
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport osmosis
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nucleic-acids nucleotides-and-phosphodiester-bonds
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nucleic-acids dna-structure
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nucleic-acids rna-structure
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proteins transcription
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proteins translation
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proteins nature-of-the-genetic-code
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proteins amino-acids-and-peptide-bonds
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proteins levels-of-protein-structure
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proteins globular-proteins-structure-and-function
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proteins fibrous-proteins-structure-and-function
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proteins the-role-of-enzymes
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proteins mode-of-enzyme-action
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proteins enzyme-and-substrate-concentrations
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inheritance dna-replication
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inheritance mutations
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inheritance inheritance-key-terms
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inheritance pedigree-diagrams
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inheritance monohybrid-crosses
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inheritance chi-squared-test
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inheritance genetic-screening
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gas-exchange-cell-membranes-and-transport properties-of-gas-exchange-surfaces
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voice-of-the-genome as19 主题
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cell-structure-and-organisation cell-theory
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cell-structure-and-organisation eukaryotic-cells
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cell-structure-and-organisation prokaryotic-cells
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cell-structure-and-organisation organisation-of-cells
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cell-structure-and-organisation microscopy
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cell-structure-and-organisation magnification-calculations
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cell-structure-and-organisation recognising-organelles
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cell-division the-cell-cycle
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cell-division mitosis
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cell-division practical-identifying-mitosis-in-plant-cells
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reproduction-and-inheritance mammalian-gametes
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reproduction-and-inheritance fertilisation-in-mammals
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reproduction-and-inheritance genes-and-linkage
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reproduction-and-inheritance meiosis-source-of-genetic-variation
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differentiation-and-variation stem-cells
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differentiation-and-variation stem-cells-in-medicine
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differentiation-and-variation cell-differentiation
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differentiation-and-variation epigenetics
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differentiation-and-variation phenotypes-and-variation
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cell-structure-and-organisation cell-theory
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biodiversity-and-natural-resources as19 主题
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biodiversity the-variety-of-life
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biodiversity measuring-biodiversity-within-a-habitat
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biodiversity comparing-biodiversity-between-habitats
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biodiversity ecological-niches-and-adaptations
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biodiversity natural-selection
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biodiversity hardy-weinberg-equation
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biodiversity reproductive-isolation
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biodiversity classification
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biodiversity conservation-of-biodiversity
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resources-from-plants plant-cell-structure
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resources-from-plants plant-stems
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resources-from-plants importance-of-water-and-inorganic-ions-to-plants
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resources-from-plants starch-and-cellulose-structure-and-function
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resources-from-plants plant-fibres
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resources-from-plants practical-identifying-tissue-types-within-stems
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resources-from-plants tensile-strength-plant-fibres
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resources-from-plants development-of-drug-testing
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resources-from-plants antimicrobial-properties-of-plants
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resources-from-plants sustainability-and-plant-materials
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biodiversity the-variety-of-life
diet-and-health treatment-of-cvd
Exam code:8BN0
Treatment of CVD
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While reducing the risk factors and lowering the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the best option, CVD is still very common and treatment options are needed
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There are a number of different treatment options for cardiovascular disease, many of which involve taking medication
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Types of medication for the treatment of CVD include
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Antihypertensives
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Statins
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Anticoagulants
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Platelet inhibitors
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Antihypertensives
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These drugs work by lowering blood pressure
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High blood pressure is also known as hypertension
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Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of arterial endothelial damage and therefore reduces the risk of atheromas and thrombosis
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Beta blockers, vasodilators and diuretics act as antihypertensives
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Beta blockers prevent increases in heart rate
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Vasodilators increase the diameter of the blood vessels
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Diuretics reduce blood volume by decreasing the amount of sodium reabsorbed into the blood by the kidneys, therefore decreasing the volume of water reabsorbed into the blood
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Statins
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These drugs work by lowering blood cholesterol
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They block an enzyme in the liver which is needed to make cholesterol
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This lowers the LDL concentration in the blood therefore reducing the risk of atheroma formation
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LDLs are sometimes known as ‘bad’ cholesterol; at high levels they increase the risk of atheromas forming
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Anticoagulants
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These drugs reduce blood clotting
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Blood clotting can be referred to as blood coagulation
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Reduced formation of blood clots decreases the likelihood of thrombosis and therefore reduces the risk of blood vessels being blocked by blood clots
Platelet inhibitors
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These are also substances which reduce blood clotting
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Platelet inhibitors are a type of anticoagulant
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They prevent the clumping together of platelets, so preventing the formation of blood clots
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Aspirin is an example of a platelet inhibitor
Benefits and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease Drugs Table
Examiner Tips and Tricks
You need to know these four examples and their associated benefits and risks. Be sure to be specific on how each medication type prevents CVD.
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